Brazil cabotage
Lei 9.432/1997 + AFRMM (Additional Freight for Renewal of Merchant Marine)
- Citizenship requirement
- Brazilian-flag + 2/3 Brazilian-national crew (officers)
- Vessel flag required
- Brazilian flag for coastal cabotage; specific tender waivers for offshore + specialised
- Officer quota
- Master + Chief Engineer must be Brazilian; 2/3 of officers Brazilian
- Wage effect
- Brazilian domestic seafarer wages 50-80% below Norwegian offshore rates but with substantial social-security benefits
Notes
Petrobras offshore-supply sub-sector governed by Local Content rules. BR Distribuidora + Transpetro run large coastal + short-sea trades. REB (Registro Especial Brasileiro) second registry offers reduced-crewing terms.