Malaysia cabotage
Merchant Shipping Ordinance 1952 + Ministry of Transport regulations
- Citizenship requirement
- Malaysian-flag preferred; substantial foreign-flag exemption regime
- Vessel flag required
- Malaysian flag for coastal cabotage
- Officer quota
- Master + Chief Engineer Malaysian; foreign officers permitted under APRIL exemption
- Wage effect
- Malaysian domestic-flag wages between international + Southeast Asian averages
Notes
APRIL (Automatic Reciprocal Permit for Interregional Liner services) exemption system substantial. East Malaysia (Sabah + Sarawak) domestic trades treated separately from West Malaysia.