Philippines cabotage
Philippine Domestic Shipping Development Act (RA 9295, 2004)
- Citizenship requirement
- 60% Filipino-owned + Filipino-flag + Filipino-crewed
- Vessel flag required
- Philippine flag for domestic coastwise
- Officer quota
- 100% Filipino officers + ratings
- Wage effect
- Philippine domestic-flag wages below international rates but above domestic minimum wage
Notes
Massive inter-island fleet (2GO, SuperFerry, Cokaliong, etc.). Domestic ferry sector highly regulated by MARINA + PCG. Foreign-flag vessels prohibited from domestic passenger + cargo trades.