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Catch-all for substances dangerous in transport but not fitting Classes 1-8 (e.g., asbestos, dry ice, lithium batteries, env. hazardous).
Class 9 'miscellaneous dangerous substances' covers lithium batteries (UN3480/3481), magnetic substances, environmentally hazardous substances, and many specific UN numbers. Lithium-battery fires on container ships are an industry-wide concern; carriers tighten declaration audits.
Authoritative source: IMDG Code ↗
Source: IMDG Code Part 2.9; IATA Lithium Battery Guidance
Editorial confidence: how we grade.