International Safety Management Code

The International Safety Management Code, made mandatory under SOLAS Chapter IX, requires every shipping company to develop, implement, and maintain a Safety Management System — a documented set of procedures covering all aspects of safe ship operation and pollution prevention. The code applies to all ship types on international voyages. Companies receive a Document of Compliance (DOC) and each ship receives a Safety Management Certificate (SMC), both issued by the flag state or a recognised organisation. For a seafarer, the ISM Code is the framework within which every shipboard activity is conducted. Procedures for watchkeeping, cargo operations, engine room rounds, safety drills, maintenance, and reporting non-conformities are all specified in the SMS. Officers must be familiar with the procedures relevant to their duties and must report hazardous observations, near misses, and accidents through the non-conformity system — the mechanism by which the company improves its safety performance. The ISM Code places responsibility on the designated person ashore (DPA), who must have direct access to the highest level of management and the authority to act. In casualty investigations, the adequacy of the SMS — and whether procedures were followed — is a central line of enquiry. Failure to maintain the SMS or to act on known non-conformities can expose the company and its officers to criminal liability.