Reefer

A reefer is a refrigerated space—either an insulated cargo hold or a purpose-built insulated container with an integral refrigeration unit—maintained at a controlled temperature to preserve perishable commodities such as chilled meat, fresh fruit, vegetables, dairy products, and frozen seafood during sea transport. The temperature range required varies by commodity: bananas typically travel at around 13°C, chilled beef near 0°C, and frozen goods at −18°C or below. SOLAS Chapter VI does not specifically regulate reefer stowage, but the national and port health regulations of the loading and discharging ports impose strict temperature requirements. The chief mate or cargo officer monitors reefer temperatures throughout the voyage, with readings logged at regular intervals—often every four to six hours—and reported to charterers and receivers. On container ships, reefer containers receive electrical power from dedicated deck sockets, and the number of plugs fitted limits the total reefer capacity. Any temperature excursion must be documented and investigated immediately: spoiled perishable cargo is a significant liability and may result in cargo claims under the Hague-Visby Rules. The OOW on watch should check the reefer monitoring system alarms at every watch handover.