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MLC 2006 Regulation 5.1.5 requires every flag state to provide an onboard complaints procedure, and Regulation 5.2.2 requires every port state party to provide a procedure for handling complaints from seafarers in their ports. A formal complaint can result in port-state inspection, deficiency notes, and — for serious failures — vessel detention. Use this when the onboard complaints process has failed or where the ship is non-compliant in ways that affect crew welfare.
MLC 2006 Regulation 5.1.5 (onboard complaint procedures), Regulation 5.2.2 (onshore seafarer complaint-handling procedures), Standard A5.2.2 (procedural requirements for the port state). Paris MoU and Tokyo MoU concentrated inspection campaigns periodically focus on MLC compliance.