Enclosed-space entry
Pre-entry gas testing, attendant, rescue plan, and the SOLAS XI-1/7 + OCIMF practice that keeps crew alive in tanks, void spaces, and cargo holds.
Why it matters
Enclosed-space accidents continue to be a leading cause of multi-fatality casualties — typically because the second person enters to rescue the first without testing the atmosphere.
Common hazards
- Oxygen depletion below 19.5% — rust, inerting gas, fermentation.
- Toxic gases (H2S, CO, hydrocarbons, ammonia, chlorine).
- Flammable atmospheres (hydrocarbon cargoes, fumes).
- Engulfment in cargo or residue.
Practical checklist
- Permit-to-work signed by Master, Chief Officer, and Chief Engineer where applicable.
- Gas-free certificate dated and timed.
- Multi-gas meter calibrated and bump-tested within the last 24 hours.
- Continuous ventilation for the required time before entry.
- Attendant outside the space with comms and a rescue plan.
- Self-contained breathing apparatus and harness rigged for rescue.
- All entrants briefed on the rescue plan before entry.
- Lifelines and tag-board accounting for every entrant.
Mistakes to avoid
- Treating the gas test as a one-off — re-test during the work.
- Allowing a rescue attempt without donning BA first.
- Skipping the permit because 'it's a quick look'.
Related
Primary sources
High confidence
Last verified