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अंग्रेज़ी से AI द्वारा स्वतः अनुवादित। संपादकीय समीक्षा लंबित — विनियामक संदर्भों पर निर्भर होने से पहले सत्यापित करें।
Specialised vessels carrying live cattle + sheep — dominant on Australia → Middle East + Ireland/Uruguay/Brazil → Middle East + North Africa trades. Notable Gulf Livestock 1 (2020, all crew lost + ~5,800 cattle) drove global regulatory review.
Small crew (25-40) + additional livestock team on longer voyages. Very specific + demanding safety profile — ammonia + methane atmosphere below decks, animal-welfare compliance (Australian Livestock Export Program), noise + odour. Voyages typically 14-28 days.
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